A primary care physician may be the first to suspect anthrax, but management is escalated immediately once it is considered or confirmed. An infectious disease specialist typically takes the lead, as anthrax requires rapid antibiotic selection, toxin-directed therapy, and public health coordination. If the patient is severely ill—especially with inhalational, gastrointestinal, or injectional anthrax—a critical care intensivist becomes central due to the high risk of respiratory failure, shock, and organ dysfunction. Surgeons are involved only when complications arise, such as tissue necrosis, abscesses, or intestinal damage. In practice, care is multidisciplinary, but infectious disease and critical care teams usually guide overall treatment decisions.