The anthrax vaccine is not available to the general public and is primarily used for at-risk groups, including certain military personnel, lab researchers handling the bacterium, and individuals in high-risk occupations (e.g., some veterinarians or livestock handlers in endemic areas). The schedule typically involves five doses given over 18 months, followed by annual boosters for ongoing risk. When administered as recommended, the vaccine is highly effective at preventing anthrax infection, including against both cutaneous and inhalational forms, though it requires time to build full immunity and is not used for treating active disease.