During major smallpox outbreaks, the funding and support for hospitals and isolation facilities came from a combination of public and private sources. Publicly, city governments and local health boards were primarily responsible for funding dedicated smallpox hospitals, often called "pesthouses" or fever hospitals. This included allocating tax revenue to build isolation units on the outskirts of cities, cover operational costs, and pay staff. For example, in 19th-century London, the Metropolitan Asylums Board used public funds to run a network of infectious disease hospitals. Privately, support came from charitable donations and philanthropy. Wealthy individuals, religious groups, and charitable organizations would donate money, beds, linens, and food. In some cases, private charities entirely funded temporary "smallpox camps" or contributed to building wings in public hospitals, ensuring care was available for the impoverished who could not pay. This hybrid model was essential to manage the immense cost of isolation and long-term care during epidemics.