Surgery costs in India typically include three main components: preoperative costs (diagnostic tests, consultations), operative costs (surgeon's fees, anesthesia, surgical supplies), and postoperative costs (hospital stay, medications, follow-up care). Labour costs, including surgeon and staff fees, often form the largest part, while materials such as implants or grafts can also be significant. Additional expenses may arise from advanced technologies used, length of hospital stay, and rehabilitation services. Prices vary by hospital type, location, and surgeon experience, with costs generally higher in private and specialized institutions. Understanding this breakdown helps patients plan financially and discuss with hospitals and insurance providers to avoid surprises and ensure comprehensive coverage.