Total knee replacement (TKR) is recommended for severe knee pain and limited mobility caused by conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, especially when non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy, medications, injections, and lifestyle changes no longer relieve symptoms. Key signs that surgery may be needed include persistent pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty performing daily activities like walking or climbing stairs. The procedure replaces the damaged joint with a prosthetic, often allowing patients to walk with assistance within a day and resume normal activities within weeks, though full recovery can take several months. Experienced orthopedic surgeons and accredited hospitals with advanced technology ensure better outcomes, and costs in India typically range from ₹1,50,000 to ₹5,00,000 per knee, with government schemes sometimes providing support. Long-term care involves physical therapy, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding high-impact activities, and engaging in low-impact exercises to preserve joint function and enhance quality of life.